What is a cloud?
The word ”Cloud” is commonly used in science to describe a large collection of objects that visually appear from a distance as a cloud and describes any set of things whose details are not inspected further in a given context. The word ”Cloud” was used as a metaphor for the Internet and a standard cloud-like shape was used to denote a network on telephony schematics and later to depict the Internet in computer network diagrams. In the early 1994, the cloud symbol was used to represent the Internet, in which servers were shown connected to the cloud externally. The term became popular in 2006 when ”Amazon” introduced the Elastic Compute Cloud.
What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing is a computing term or metaphor that evolved in the late 1900s, based on the utility and consumption of computer resources. Cloud computing involves deploying groups of remote servers and software networks that allow different kinds of data sources to be uploaded for real time processing to generate computing results without the need to store processed data on the local machine. Clouds can be classified as public, private and hybrid. These are called as the cloud deployment models.
What is a public cloud?
A cloud is called a ”public cloud” when the services are rendered over a network that is open for public use. Public cloud services may be free or offered on a pay-per-usage model. For example, Amazon AWS, Google, Microsoft provides public cloud.
What is a private cloud?
Private Cloud is the cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party, and hosted either internally or externally.
What is a hybrid cloud?
Hybrid cloud is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community or public) that remain distinct entities, but are bound together, offering the benefits of multiple deployment models. Hybrid cloud can also mean the ability to connect collocation, managed and/or dedicated services with
There are three service models of cloud computing. Cloud computing providers provide their services according to these models which are:-
IaaS (Infrastructure as a service): - In the most basic cloud-service model & according to the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), providers of IaaS offer computers – physical or (more often) virtual machines and other resources. (A hypervisor, such as Xen, Oracle VirtualBox, KVM, VMware ESX/ESXi, or Hyper-V runs the virtual machines as guests. Pools of
PaaS (Platform as a service): - In the PaaS models, cloud providers deliver a computing platform, typically including operating system, programming language execution environment, database, and web server. Application developers can develop and run their software solutions on a cloud platform without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. With some PaaS offers like Microsoft Azure and Google App Engine, the underlying computer and storage resources scale
SaaS (Software as a service): - In the SaaS model, cloud providers install and operate application software in the cloud and cloud users access the software from cloud clients. Cloud users do not manage the cloud infrastructure and platform where the application runs. This eliminates the need to install and run the application on the cloud users’ own computers, which simplifies maintenance and support.
What is OpenStack?
OpenStack is a free and open-source cloud computing software platform. Users primarily deploy it as an infrastructure as a service (IaaS) solution. OpenStack began in 2010 as a joint project of Rackspace Hosting and NASA. Currently, it is managed by the OpenStack Foundation, a non-profit corporate entity established in September 2012. To promote OpenStack software and its community more than 200 companies have joined the project, including AT&T, AMD, Cisco, Dell, EMC, Ericsson, Go Daddy, Hewlett-Packard, Huawei, IBM, Intel, Juniper Networks, Oracle, Red Hat, VMware, Yahoo and many more.
OpenStack is a cloud operating system that controls large pools of computes, storage, and networking resources throughout a datacenter, all managed through a dashboard that gives administrators control while empowering their users to
Why to use OpenStack?
1. Free of Cost (i.e. No Licensing Headaches)
2. Interchangeability & portability (general, avoiding vendor lock-in)
3. Access through APIs and Web GUIs.
4. Can be implemented with standard hardware.
5. Snapshots and backup APIs in case of failure.
6. Support both object storage and block storage.
These are some of the basic services under OpenStack: -
Services Project name Dashboard Horizon Compute Nova Networking Neutron Object Storage Swift Block Storage Cinder Identity Service Keystone Telemetry Ceilometer Orchastration Heat Database Service Trove
Horizon-Dashboard: - OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) provides the graphical interface API for the clients as well as administrator to access the cloud. Using this API, they can manage various services such as Cinder, Swift, Glance, etc. Hence it is one of several ways users can interact with OpenStack.
Nova-Compute: - OpenStack Compute is a cloud computing fabric controller, which is the main part of an IaaS system. It is designed to manage and automate pools of computer resources and can work with widely available virtualization technologies, as well as bare metal and high-performance computing configurations. KVM and Xen are available choices for hypervisor technology, together with Hyper-V and Linux container technology such as LXC.
Neutron-Networking: - OpenStack Networking is a service of OpenStack for managing networks and IP addresses. OpenStack Networking ensures the network is not a bottleneck in a cloud deployment. It gives users self-service ability, even over network configurations. OpenStack Networking provides networking models for different applications and user groups. OpenStack Networking manages IP addresses, which can be used for dedicated static IP addresses or DHCP. Floating IP addresses let the incoming request be dynamically rerouted to any virtual resources in the IT infrastructure, so users can redirect traffic during maintenance or in case of a failure. Users can create their own networks, control traffic, and connect servers and devices to the networks. OpenStack Networking provides a framework that can deploy and manage additional network services such as intrusion detection systems (IDS), load balancing, firewalls, and virtual private networks (VPN).
Swift-Object Storage: - OpenStack Object Storage is a scalable storage system. It can store files, web data, videos, audios, images, backups, virtual machine snapshots and other unstructured data, at large scale with high availability and durability. Objects are stored in multiple disk drives spread across servers in the data center, with the OpenStack software responsible for ensuring data replication and integrity across the cluster. It can be accessed using a REST application programming interface (API) and can be scaled horizontally to store petabytes of data through the addition of nodes. When a server or hard drive fail, OpenStack replicates its content from other active nodes to newly installed node in the cluster. Since OpenStack uses software logic to ensure data replication and distribution across different devices, inexpensive commodity hard drives and servers can be used.
Cinder-Block Storage: - OpenStack Block Storage provides persistent block-level storage devices for use with OpenStack compute instances. The block storage system manages the creation, attachment and detachment of the block devices to servers. Block storage volumes are fully integrated into OpenStack Compute and the Dashboard allowing for cloud users to manage their own storage needs.
Keystone-Identity: - OpenStack Identity provides a central directory of users mapped to the OpenStack services they can access. It acts as a common authentication system across the cloud operating system and can integrate with existing backend directory services. It supports multiple forms of authentication including standard username and password credentials, token-based systems and AWS-style logins. Additionally, the catalogue provides a query able list of all of the services deployed in an OpenStack cloud in a single registry. Users and third-party tools can programmatically determine which resources they can access.
Glance-Images: - OpenStack Image Service provides discovery, registration, and delivery services for disk and server images. Stored images can be used as a template. It can also be used to store and catalogue an unlimited number of backups. The Image Service can store disk and server images in a variety of back-ends, including OpenStack Object Storage. The Image Service API provides a standard REST interface for querying information about disk images and lets clients stream the images to new servers. OpenStack image is an operating system installed on a virtual machine (VM). If a developer adds a variation to an image the result is an instance of that image. Subsequently, that instance is an image that developers can add more variations to .
Ceilometer-Telemeter: - OpenStack Telemetry Service provides a Single Point Of Contact for billing systems, providing all the counters, they need to establish customer billing, across all current and future OpenStack components. The delivery of counters is traceable and auditable, the counters must be easily extensible to support new projects, and agents doing data collections should be independent of the overall system.
Heat-Orchestration: - Heat is a service to orchestrate multiple composite cloud applications using templates, through both an OpenStack-native REST API and a Cloud Formation-compatible Query API.
Trove-Database: - Trove is a database-as-a-service provisioning relational and non-relational database engines.
The diagram below shows how the services of OpenStack interact with each other.
No comments:
Post a Comment